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Chiral ligand-exchange liquid chromatography is used to identify and quantitate lactic acid enantiomers in wines that have or have not undergone malolactic fermentation. The stationary phase is ( R )-penicillamine, which is bound lipophilically to a C 18  bonded silica matrix. The mobile phase is 1 mM copper sulfate, and the detection mode is ultraviolet. Serious interference from ( S )-aspartic acid and other amino acids is eliminated by the use of propanesulfonic acid-type cation exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges prior to chromatographic analysis. Lactic acid enantiomers in wine are quantitated in the range of 10 to 500 mg/L. The detection limit is 3 mg/L. The method is also successful in the determination of lactic acid enantiomers in certain beers (e.g., Iambic beers), kim-chi, sauerkraut, and various yogurts.

Elimination of Amino Acid Interferences in the Chiral Ligand-Exchange Chromatographic Analysis of Lactic Acid Enantiomers in Wine