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Glomeruli within the antennal lobe (AL) of moths are convergence sites for  a large number of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). The ORNs target single  glomeruli. In the male-specific cluster of glomeruli, the macroglomerular  complex (MGC), the input is chemotypic in that each glomerulus of the MGC  receives information about a specific component of the conspecific female sex  pheromone. Little is known about how neurons that detect other odorants  arborize in and amongst glomeruli. The present study focuses on how sex  pheromones and biologically relevant semiochemicals are represented in the ALs  of both sexes of the moth  Spodoptera littoralis . To assess this, we  optically measured odour-evoked changes of calcium concentration in the ALs.  Foci of calcium increase corresponded in size and shape with anatomical  glomeruli. More than one glomerulus was normally activated by a specific  non-pheromonal odorant and the same glomerulus was activated by several  odorants. All odorants and pheromone components tested evoked unique patterns  of glomerular activity that were highly reproducible at repeated stimulations  within an individual. Odour-evoked patterns were similar between individuals  for a given odorant, implicating a spatial olfactory code. In addition, we  demonstrated that activity patterns evoked by host-plant related volatiles are  similar between males and females.

Spatial Representation of Odours in the Antennal Lobe of the Moth Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)