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Reduction in parvalbumin-positive (PV + ) interneurons is observed in adult mice exposed to ethanol at postnatal day 7 (P7), a late gestation fetal alcohol spectrum disorder model. To evaluate whether PV +  cells are lost, or PV expression is reduced, we quantified PV +  and associated perineuronal net (PNN) +  cell densities in barrel cortex. While PNN +  cell density was not reduced by P7 ethanol, PV cell density decreased by 25% at P90 with no decrease at P14. PNN +  cells in controls were virtually all PV + , whereas more than 20% lacked PV in ethanol-treated adult animals. P7 ethanol caused immediate apoptosis in 10% of GFP +  cells in G42 mice, which express GFP in a subset of PV +  cells, and GFP +  cell density decreased by 60% at P90 without reduction at P14. The ethanol effect on PV +  cell density was attenuated by lithium treatment at P7 or at P14–28. Thus, reduced PV +  cell density may be caused by disrupted cell maturation, in addition to acute apoptosis. This effect may be regionally specific: in the dentate gyrus, P7 ethanol reduced PV +  cell density by 70% at P14 and both PV +  and PNN +  cell densities by 50% at P90, and delayed lithium did not alleviate ethanol’s effect.

cerebral cortex

Neonatal Ethanol Disturbs the Normal Maturation of Parvalbumin Interneurons Surrounded by Subsets of Perineuronal Nets in the Cerebral Cortex: Partial Reversal by Lithium