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Voluntary movement initiation involves the engagement of large populations of motorcortical neurons around movement onset. Despite knowledge of the temporal dynamics thatlead to movement, the spatial structure of these dynamics across the cortical surfaceremains unknown. In data from 4 rhesus macaques, we show that the timing of attenuation ofbeta frequency local field potential oscillations, a correlate of locally activatedcortex, forms a spatial gradient across primary motor cortex (MI). We show that thesespatio-temporal dynamics are recapitulated in the engagement order of ensembles of MIneurons. We demonstrate that these patterns are unique to movement onset and suggest thatmovement initiation requires a precise spatio-temporal sequential activation of neurons inMI.

Spatio-Temporal Patterning in Primary Motor Cortex at Movement Onset