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Humans are highly adept at multisensory processing of object shape in both visionand touch. Previous studies have mostly focused on where visually perceivedobject-shape information can be decoded, with haptic shape processing receivingless attention. Here, we investigate visuo-haptic shape processing in the humanbrain using multivoxel correlation analyses. Importantly, we use tangible,parametrically defined novel objects as stimuli. Two groups of participantsfirst performed either a visual or haptic similarity-judgment task. Theresulting perceptual object-shape spaces were highly similar and matched thephysical parameter space. In a subsequent fMRI experiment, objects were firstcompared within the learned modality and then in the other modality in aone-back task. When correlating neural similarity spaces with perceptual spaces,visually perceived shape was decoded well in the occipital lobe along with theventral pathway, whereas haptically perceived shape information was mainly foundin the parietal lobe, including frontal cortex. Interestingly, ventrolateraloccipito-temporal cortex decoded shape in both modalities, highlighting this asan area capable of detailed visuo-haptic shape processing. Finally, we foundhaptic shape representations in early visual cortex (in the absence of visualinput), when participants switched from visual to haptic exploration, suggestingtop-down involvement of visual imagery on haptic shape processing.

Visual and Haptic Shape Processing in the Human Brain: Unisensory Processing, Multisensory Convergence, and Top-Down Influences