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Human brain maturation is characterized by the prolonged development ofstructural and functional properties of large-scale networks that extends intoadulthood. However, it is not clearly understood which features change andwhich remain stable over time. Here, we examined structural connectivity basedon diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 121 participants between 4 and 40 years ofage. DTI data were analyzed for small-world parameters, modularity, and thenumber of fiber tracts at the level of streamlines. First, our findings showedthat the number of fiber tracts, small-world topology, and modular organizationremained largely stable despite a substantial overall decrease in the number ofstreamlines with age. Second, this decrease mainly affected fiber tracts thathad a large number of streamlines, were short, within modules and withinhemispheres; such connections were affected significantly more often than wouldbe expected given their number of occurrences in the network. Third, streamlineloss occurred earlier in females than in males. In summary, our findingssuggest that core properties of structural brain connectivity, such as thesmall-world and modular organization, remain stable during brain maturation byfocusing streamline loss to specific types of fiber tracts.

Preferential Detachment During Human Brain Development: Age- and Sex-Specific Structural Connectivity in Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Data