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Neural connectivity at the cellular and mesoscopic level appears veryspecific and is presumed to arise from highly specific developmentalmechanisms. However, there are general shared features of connectivity insystems as different as the networks formed by individual neurons inCaenorhabditis elegans or in rat visual cortex and the mesoscopic circuitry ofcortical areas in the mouse, macaque, and human brain. In all these systems,connection length distributions have very similar shapes, with an initial largepeak and a long flat tail representing the admixture of long-distanceconnections to mostly short-distance connections. Furthermore, not allpotentially possible synapses are formed, and only a fraction of axons (calledfilling fraction) establish synapses with spatially neighboring neurons. Weexplored what aspects of these connectivity patterns can be explained simply byrandom axonal outgrowth. We found that random axonal growth away from the somacan already reproduce the known distance distribution of connections. We alsoobserved that experimentally observed filling fractions can be generated bycompetition for available space at the target neurons--a model markedlydifferent from previous explanations. These findings may serve as a baselinemodel for the development of connectivity that can be further refined by morespecific mechanisms.

A simple rule for axon outgrowth and synaptic competition generates realistic connection lengths and filling fractions