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Adult neocortical areas are characterized by marked differences in cytoarchitecture and connectivity that underlie their functional roles. The molecular determinants of these differences are largely unknown. We performed a microarray analysis to identify molecules that define the somatosensory and visual areas during the time when afferent and efferent projections are forming. We identified 122 molecules that are differentially expressed between the regions and confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction 95% of the 20 genes tested. Two genes were chosen for further investigation:  Bcl6  and  Ten_m3. Bcl6  was highly expressed in the superficial cortical plate corresponding to developing layer IV of somatosensory cortex at postnatal day (P) 0. This had diminished by P3, but strong expression was found in layer V pyramidal cells by P7 and was maintained until adulthood. Retrograde tracing showed that  Bcl6  is expressed in corticospinal neurons.  Ten_m3  was expressed in a graded pattern within layer V of caudal cortex that corresponds well with visual cortex. Retrograde tracing and immunostaining showed that  Ten_m3  is highly expressed along axonal tracts of projection neurons of the developing visual pathway. Overexpression demonstrated that  Ten_m3  promotes homophilic adhesion and neurite outgrowth in vivo. This suggests an important role for  Ten_m3  in the development of the visual pathway.

cerebral cortex

Differential Gene Expression between Sensory Neocortical Areas: Potential Roles for  Ten_m3  and  Bcl6  in Patterning Visual and Somatosensory Pathways