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Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence on the association of quercetin-rich food intake with lung cancer risk and carcinogenesis are inconclusive. We investigated the role of dietary quercetin and the interaction between quercetin andP450and glutathioneS-transferase (GST) polymorphisms on lung cancer risk in 1822 incident lung cancer cases and 1991 frequency-matched controls from the Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology study. In non-tumor lung tissue from 38 adenocarcinoma patients, we assessed the correlation between quercetin intake and messenger RNA expression of the sameP450andGSTmetabolic genes. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sex-specific quintiles of intake were calculated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for putative risk factors. Frequent intake of quercetin-rich foods was inversely associated with lung cancer risk (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.37–0.67;P-trend &lt; 0.001) and did not differ byP450orGSTgenotypes, gender or histological subtypes. The association was stronger in subjects who smoked &gt;20 cigarettes per day (OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.19–0.66;P-trend = 0.003). Based on a two-samplet-test, we compared gene expression and high versus low consumption of quercetin-rich foods and observed an overall upregulation ofGSTM1,GSTM2,GSTT2, andGSTP1as well as a downregulation of specificP450genes (P-values &lt; 0.05, adjusted for age and smoking status). In conclusion, we observed an inverse association of quercetin-rich food with lung cancer risk and identified a possible mechanism of quercetin-related changes in the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of tobacco carcinogens in humans. Our findings suggest an interplay between quercetin intake, tobacco smoking, and lung cancer risk. Further research on this relationship is warranted.

Dietary quercetin, quercetin-gene interaction, metabolic gene expression in lung tissue and lung cancer risk