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Exposures such as cigarette smoke and meat contain a variety of procarcinogens, which are thought to play a role in elevation of risk for colorectal polyps and/or cancer. These procarcinogens (including heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are metabolized by a variety of polymorphic enzymes includingN-acetyltransferases, sulfotransferases, cytochrome P450 enzymes and epoxide hydrolase. We hypothesized that genetic variation in the encoding genesNAT1,NAT2,SULT1A1,SULT1A2,CYP1A1orEPHX1is associated with risk of colorectal polyps and interacts with cigarette use or meat intake to modify risk of colorectal polyps. We examined the role of these genes in a clinic-based study of 651 Caucasian cases with hyperplastic polyps, adenomatous polyps or both types of polyps and 556 polyp-free controls. We found evidence for interaction between NAT acetylator status andSULT1A1genotype in risk of hyperplastic polyps: individuals withSULT1A1638AA genotype and NAT1 and NAT2 intermediate/fast phenotypes had 3.5-fold increased risk (95% CI 1.2–10.3) compared with individuals withSULT1A1638GG genotype and NAT1 and NAT2 slow phenotypes. Data were also consistent with interactions between smoking and variation inSULT1A1, CYP1A1andEPHX1and between meat intake and variation inCYP1A1andEPHX1. No interactions were statistically significant. Although results should be interpreted with caution considering sample size and the number of hypotheses examined, our study suggests future avenues of investigation in larger investigations of genetic and lifestyle factors in the pathway to colorectal cancer.

Inherited variation in carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and risk of colorectal polyps