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Epidemiological evidence indicates thatBrassicavegetables protect against colorectal cancer.Brassicascontain glucosinolates, the breakdown products of which exert antiproliferative effects against cancer cells. We have examined the effects of allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC), a major breakdown product of the glucosinolate sinigrin, on proliferation and death of colorectal cancer cells. HT-29 colorectal cells were exposed to AITC for 24 h and the number of adherent and detached cells determined. Both populations were analysed for cell-cycle characteristics and examined by light and electron microscopy for features of apoptosis and mitosis. Evidence of apoptosis was also determined by flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V staining in the detached population of cells. AITC-treated cells were also stained for α-tubulin. Treatment caused cells to round up after 7 h of exposure and subsequently detach. At 24 h these cells were blocked in mitosis. Detached AITC-treated cells showed no signs of apoptosis as assessed by morphological features or by Annexin V staining but they did show evidence of disrupted tubulin. AITC inhibits proliferation of cancer cells by causing mitotic block associated with disruption of α-tubulin in a manner analogous to a number of chemotherapeutic agents.

Allyl-isothiocyanate causes mitotic block, loss of cell adhesion and disrupted cytoskeletal structure in HT29 cells