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Transformation is a complex multistage process  in vitro  by which benign cells gradually acquire characteristics of tumour cells. Transformed C3H10T½ cells appear  in vitro  as multilayers of cells termed foci. A variety of transformed phenotypes are observed  in vitro  and in this study samples of these phenotypes were developed as cell lines and assessed for their ability to induce tumours in C3H mice. It was found that, while a high proportion of X-ray-induced transformants were tumorigenic, most of the α-particle-induced transformants were non-tumorigenic. Although tumours produced by the X-ray-induced transformants appeared earlier, they grew at similar rates to the α-particle-induced equivalent. Foci were classified as fully or partially tumorigenic depending on whether the foci produced at least one tumour in the mice injected (partially tumorigenic) or produced tumours in all mice injected (fully tumorigenic). It was found that tumours from the partially tumorigenic foci grew slower or appeared later than those of the fully tumorigenic foci. It is hypothesized that the apparent low tumorigenicity of positively transformed α-particle-induced foci is due to an increase in genomic instability of progeny focus cells compared with X-ray-induced foci leading to a larger non-viable population of cells in the α-particle-induced foci.

238 Pu α-particle-induced C3H10T½ transformants are less tumorigenic than the X-ray-induced equivalent