English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Numerous species of birds break hard-shelled prey items by dropping them from a height. This intriguing prey-extraction method provides an excellent opportunity for studying foraging behavior because a single, easily measurable quantity—height of drop—may be influenced by a wide variety of identifiable characteristics of the prey (e.g., breakability, weight) and social environment (e.g., alone or in the presence of kleptoparasites). Using a dynamic, state variable modeling approach, this paper presents the first theoretical framework for avian prey-dropping systems that incorporates the diversity of prey characteristics and social situations. The model yielded a series of qualitative predictions about prey-dropping behavior that can be tested readily in any prey-dropping system. In particular, the results indicated that quantitative and qualitative differences in item breakability and potential kleptoparasitism should have a significant effect on the height and pattern of prey dropping. Key words: dynamic state variable model, foraging behavior, kleptoparasitism, prey dropping. [Behav Ecol 10:213‐219 (1999)]

Avian prey-dropping behavior. I. The effects of prey characteristics and prey loss