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Someone asks me her mother’s surname. I try to retrieve it from my memory but fail to do so. I am, however, sure that in a few moments it will come back to me. As we often say, ‘‘It’s on the tip of my tongue.’’ At some point, I shout: ‘‘Ancona!’’ The name is back, as if the obstacles blocking it had disappeared completely, although I have done nothing to remove them. The word clicks! We often have words on the tips of our tongues: the beginning of a poem, the title of a novel, or simply a name. Users of sign language have signs on the tips of their fingers (Thompson et al. 2005). To keep things simple, I shall focus on tip-of-the-tongue phenomena (TOTs) concerning names. Let me first say that TOTs are experiences that occur after the failed retrieval of a particular name. The strange thing about these experiences is that when someone asks you ‘‘Do you know X’s surname?’’ you respond ‘‘Yes.’’ And if you are then asked what the name is, you are unable to answer right away, although you are certain that retrieval is imminent. Hence, there is a failure, albeit one accompanied by an anticipation of success. Finally, if retrieval does occur and the word is recognized, the click experience you enjoy (i.e., the recognition) is not simply fulfillment of the anticipation, but also an experience of familiarity—you recognize the name as a name with which you were previously acquainted. This article focuses on TOT experiences rather than the mechanisms underpinning them. Theorists disagree about the nature of such experiences, while acknowledging their intriguing and insidious character. For example, Bennett Schwartz comments:

“Ancona?” Aha! that’s her name! Tip-of-the-tongue experiences