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Alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata Fabricus, were reared to adults and established in bee shelters housed in 20- by 6- by 6-ft flight screen cages set out in a lowbush blueberry field at Blueberry Hill Farm, Jonesboro, ME. Each cage contained a wooden bee domicile and one polisurround® as nest material. Stocking density per cage was 0.1 gal loose leaf cells (0.1 gal = ca. 1,000 bees). On 26 May, 3 field cages were sprayed with Asana (esfenvalerate) at the label recommended rate of 4.8 oz form/acre. Also, an open field application of Asana was made to a 20- by 6-ft plot to determine the effects of Asana on native pollinators and honey bees. Three additional cages and one open-field plot were designated as untreated checks. During bloom, all cages, open field plots, and the untreated checks were monitored periodically to assess bee foraging. Numbers of nesting female alfalfa leafcutting bees were counted periodically to provide a measure of bee mortality, if any. Nest construction was measured at the end of bloom. After bloom, all alfalfa leafcutting bees were moved to 2 new forage areas (one area for the treated and one for the untreated check cages) which had similar abundance of blooming wild flowers. Bees were provided with new nesting materials and allowed to forage until mid-Jul, just prior to onset of second generation bee emergence. The new nesting materials were stripped of leaf cells. Screen cages were removed from the field, but the corner stakes delimiting individual treatment plots remained so that yield could be assessed (an indirect measure of pollinator activity). Bee abundance, bee mortality, and reproductive success were compared using descriptive and inferential statistics to determine if Asana can be applied during bloom without detrimental effects to pollinators. Berries in all plots were hand raked and weighed on 4 Aug. Loose, leaf bee cells produced in 1997 were incubated according to standard rearing procedures and the number of healthy bees recorded.

Asana, Impact on Alfalfa Leafcutting Bees and Other Pollinators, 1997