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Treatment plots were 6 X 10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times at University Park, PA. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 454 ml of water/60 ft2 or delivering 2.0 gal/1,000 ft2. Treatments were applied on 1 Aug following artificial infestation of the research area with 2nd and 3rd instar black cutworms. An average of 18/yd2 cutworm larvae was recorded on 30 Jul prior to treatment. At treatment time (1 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 62°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 63°F; RH, 90%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis; 52.7% sand, 35.0% silt, 12.3% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 25.1%; organic matter, 3.1%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.9; time of application, early-morning; and clear skies. Post-treatment counts were recorded 2 DAT (3 Aug), 7 DAT (8 Aug), and 15 DAT (16 Aug) by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water. All treatments provided significant reduction of black cutworm larvae 2 DAT and 16 DAT. All but the two reduced rates of chlorpyrifos provided significant reduction of black cutworm 7 DAT. No phytotoxicity was noted.

Management of Black Cutworm Larvae with Reduced Rates of Chlorpyrifos and Experimental Formulations on Creeping Bentgrass, 1996