English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Globally, men have a higher epidemiologic burden of tuberculosis (incidence, prevalence, mortality) than women do, possibly due to differences in disease incidence, treatment initiation, self-cure, and/or untreated-tuberculosis mortality rates. Using a simple, sex-stratified compartmental model, we employed a Bayesian approach to explore which factors most likely explain men's higher burden. We applied the model to smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Vietnam (2006-2007) and Malawi (2013-2014). Posterior estimates were consistent with sex-specific prevalence and notifications in both countries. Results supported higher incidence in men and showed that both sexes faced longer durations of untreated disease than estimated by self-reports. Prior untreated disease durations were revised upward 8- to 24-fold, to 2.2 (95% credible interval: 1.7, 2.9) years for men in Vietnam and 2.8 (1.8, 4.1) years for men in Malawi, approximately a year longer than for women in each country. Results imply that substantial sex differences in tuberculosis burden are almost solely attributable to men's disadvantages in disease incidence and untreated disease duration. The latter, for which self-reports provide a poor proxy, implies inadequate coverage of case-finding strategies. These results highlight an urgent need for better understanding of gender-related barriers faced by men and support the systematic targeting of men for screening.

A Bayesian Approach to Understanding Sex Differences in Tuberculosis Disease Burden