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A linear wave equation on a moving surface is derived from Hamilton’s principle of stationary action. The variational principle is discretized with functions that are piecewise linear in space and time. This yields a discretization of the wave equation in space by evolving surface finite elements and in time by a variational integrator, a version of the leapfrog or Störmer–Verlet method. We study stability and convergence of the full discretization in the natural time-dependent norms under the same CFL condition that is required for a fixed surface. Using a novel modified Ritz projection for evolving surfaces, we prove optimal-order error bounds. Numerical experiments illustrate the behavior of the fully discrete method.

Variational discretization of wave equations on evolving surfaces