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Genetic algorithms, as implemented in optimal control strategies, arecurrently successfully exploited in a wide range of problems in molecularphysics. In this context, laser control of molecular alignment and orientationremains a very promising issue with challenging applications extending fromchemical reactivity to nanoscale design. We emphasize the complementaritybetween basic quantum mechanisms monitoring alignment/orientation processes andoptimal control scenarios. More explicitly, if on one hand we can help theoptimal control scheme to take advantage of such mechanisms by appropriatelybuilding the targets and delineating the parameter sampling space, on the otherhand we expect to learn, from optimal control results, some robust andphysically sound dynamical mechanisms. We present basic mechanisms foralignment and orientation, such as pendular states accommodated by themolecule-plus-field effective potential and the "kick" mechanism obtained by asudden excitation. Very interestingly, an optimal control scheme fororientation, based on genetic algorithms, also leads to a sudden pulsed fieldbearing the characteristic features of the kick mechanism. Optimal pulseshaping for very efficient and long-lasting orientation, together withrobustness with respect to temperature effects, are among our future prospects.

Molecular alignment and orientation: From laser-induced mechanisms to optimal control