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Objective:  To evaluate the early stage effects of adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy on immune functions in children aged &lt;3 years.  Methods:  Twenty-four children aged &lt;3 years underwent adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy were included. The levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4 were measured for humoral immunity, and the levels of CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD19 + , CD56 + , CD3 + CD4 - CD8 - , and CD3 + CD4 + CD8 + T cells were measured for cellular immunity before and 2 weeks after the operation.  Results:  The postoperative levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, and C4 were significantly increased compared with the preoperative levels ( P  &lt; 0.05). The levels of CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD56 + , CD3 + CD4 - CD8 - , and CD3 + CD4 + CD8 + T cells were increased, while the level of CD19 + was decreased in postoperative period compared with preoperative period. Compared with those in the control group, the preoperative levels of IgA, IgG, and CD3 + CD4 + CD8 + T cells were significantly increased ( P  &lt; 0.05), while the levels of IgM, C3, C4 and CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD56 + , and CD3 + CD4 - CD8 - T cells were not significantly changed. The postoperative levels of IgA, IgG, C3, C4, CD3 + CD4 - CD8 - , and CD3 + CD4 + CD8 + T cells were significantly increased ( P  &lt; 0.05), while the levels of IgM, CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , and CD56 + T cells were not significantly changed compared with those in the control group.  Conclusion:  Adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy could stimulate the immune responses, which could avoid significant immune deficiency in a short period of time in children aged &lt;3 years.

Early Stage Impacts of Adenoidectomy With/Without Tonsillectomy on Immune Functions of Children Aged Less Than Three Years