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Background:  As patients' accurate understanding of their prognosis is essential for informed end-of-life planning, identifying associated factors is important.  Objective:  We examine if receiving palliative chemotherapy or radiation, and the perception of those treatments as curative or noncurative, is associated with prognostic understanding.  Design:  Cross-sectional analyses from a multisite, observational study.  Setting/Subjects:  Patients with advanced cancers refractory to at least one chemotherapy regimen ( N  = 334).  Measurements:  In structured interviews, patients reported whether they were receiving chemotherapy or radiation, and whether its intent was curative or not. Their responses were categorized into three groups: patients not receiving chemotherapy/radiation (no cancer treatment group); patients receiving chemotherapy/radiation and misperceiving it as curative (treatment misperception group); and patients receiving chemotherapy/radiation and accurately perceiving it as noncurative (accurate treatment perception group). Patients also reported on various aspects of their prognostic understanding (e.g., life expectancy).  Results:  Eighty-six percent of the sample was receiving chemotherapy or radiation; of those, 16.7% reported the purpose of treatment to be curative. The no-treatment group had higher prognostic understanding scores compared with the treatment misperception group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.00, p  &lt; 0.001). However, the accurate treatment perception group had the highest prognostic understanding scores in comparison to the no-treatment group (AOR = 2.04, p  &lt; 0.05) and the treatment misperception group (AOR = 10.19, p  &lt; 0.001).  Conclusions:  Depending on patient perceptions of curative intent, receipt of palliative chemotherapy or radiation is associated with better or worse prognostic understanding. Research should examine if enhancing patients' understanding of treatment intent can improve accurate prognostic expectations.

Palliative Chemotherapy or Radiation and Prognostic Understanding among Advanced Cancer Patients: The Role of Perceived Treatment Intent