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The adenovirus, an 80–100 nm, nonenveloped, icosahedral capsid, double-stranded DNA virus, is a well-known cause of respiratory tract infections (Ginsberg, 1984). Adenovirus infection in humans usually is mild, but in immunocompromised individuals, it can be life threatening. The adenovirus was first isolated from human adenoids in 1953. There are over 50 known serotypes (Wilson, 1996; Hackett and Crystal, 2008). In the late 1980s, when we began to think about strategies of transferring genes in vivo, the adenovirus was known to be trophic for the respiratory epithelium. The virus had been sequenced in its entirety, many human serotypes were known, and the detailed biology of how the virus replicated and assembled was well described (Ginsberg, 1984; Russell, 2009). The stage was set, partly by serendipity, to adapt the adenovirus to be an effective means of transferring genes in vivo.

Adenovirus: The First EffectiveIn VivoGene Delivery Vector