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In the present work, NIR, LIBS, Raman and XRD techniques have beencomplementarily used to carry out a comprehensive characterization of aterrestrial analogue selected from the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure (CBIS).The obtained data clearly highlight the key role of Raman spectroscopy in thedetection of minor and trace compounds, through which inferences aboutgeological processes occurred in the CBIS can be extrapolated. Beside the useof commercial systems, further Raman analyses were performed by the Raman LaserSpectrometer (RLS) ExoMars Simulator. This instrument represents the mostreliable tool to effectively predict the scientific capabilities of theExoMars/Raman system that will be deployed on Mars in 2021. By emulating theanalytical procedures and operational restrictions established by the ExoMarsmission rover design, it was proved that the RLS ExoMars Simulator is able todetect the amorphization of quartz, which constitutes an analytical clue of theimpact origin of craters. On the other hand, the detection of barite andsiderite, compounds crystallizing under hydrothermal conditions, helps toindirectly confirm the presence of water in impact targets. Furthermore, theRLS ExoMars Simulator capability of performing smart molecular mappings wasalso evaluated. According to the obtained results, the algorithms developed forits operation provide a great analytical advantage over most of the automaticanalysis systems employed by commercial Raman instruments, encouraging itsapplication for many additional scientific and commercial purposes.

ExoMars Raman Laser Spectrometer RLS, a tool for the potential recognition of wet target craters on Mars