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Brinicles are self-assembling tubular ice membrane structures, centimeters tometers in length, found beneath sea ice in the polar regions of Earth. Wediscuss how the properties of brinicles make them of possible importance forchemistry in cold environments-including that of life's emergence-and weconsider their formation in icy ocean world. We argue that the non-icecomposition of the ice on Europa and Enceladus will vary spatially due tothermodynamic and mechanical properties that serve to separate and fractionatebrines and solid materials. The specifics of the composition and dynamics ofboth the ice and the ocean in these worlds remain poorly constrained. Wedemonstrate through calculations using FREZCHEM that sulfate likelyfractionates out of accreting ice in Europa and Enceladus, and thus that anexogenous origin of sulfate observed on Europa's surface need not precludeadditional endogenous sulfate in Europa's ocean. We suggest that, likehydrothermal vents on Earth, brinicles in icy ocean worlds constitute idealplaces where ecosystems of organisms might be found.

Self-Assembling Ice Membranes on Europa: Brinicle Properties, Field Examples, and Possible Energetic Systems in Icy Ocean Worlds