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It remains unclear whether differences in gut microbiota noted between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals are driven by HIV or sexual behavior. We evaluated rectal swab microbiota of HIV-infected and uninfected women with similar demographic, neighborhood, and diet characteristics enrolled in the Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). DNA was amplified for sequencing of fragments of bacterial small subunit (SSU or 16S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. HIV-infected and uninfected women did not differ by Shannon diversity index (p = .14), non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of Bray-Curtis indices (p = .488, r = 0.0027), or copy number of individual taxa. Both groups demonstrated marked microbiome stability over time (p = .889).

HIV Status Does Not Affect Rectal Microbiome Composition, Diversity, or Stability over Time: A Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study