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Metal intercalation into layered topological insulator materials such as thebinary chalcogenide Bi2X3 (X=Te or Se) has yielded novel two-dimensionalelectron-gas physics, phase transitions to superconductivity, as well asinteresting magnetic ground states. Of recent interest is theintercalation-driven interplay between lattice distortions, density waveordering, and the emergence of new phenomena in the vicinity of instabilitiesinduced by intercalation. Here, we examine the effects of Cu-intercalation onthe ternary chalcogenide Bi2Te2Se. We report the discovery, in Cu0.3Bi2Te2Se,of a periodic lattice distortion at room temperature, together with a chargedensity wave transition around Td = 220K. We also report, for the first time, acomplete study of the CuxBi2Te2Se system, and the effect of Cu-intercalation oncrystal structure, phonon structure, and electronic properties for 0.0 $\le$ x$\le$ 0.5. Our electron diffraction studies reveal strong Bragg spots atreciprocal lattice positions forbidden by ABC stacking, possibly resulting fromstacking faults, or a superlattice. The c-axis lattice parameter variesmonotonically with x for 0 $\lt$ x $\lt$ 0.2, but drops precipitously forhigher x. Similarly, Raman phonon modes $A^2_{1g}$ and $E_g$ softenmonotonically for 0 $\lt$ x $\lt$ 0.2 but harden sharply for x $\gt$ 0.2. Thisindicates that Cu likely intercalates up to x $\sim$0.2, followed by partialsite-substitutions at higher values. The resulting strain makes the 0.2 $\lt$ x$\lt$ 0.3 region susceptible to instabilities and distortions. Our resultspoint toward the presence of an incommensurate CDW above Td = 220 K. This workstrengthens prevalent thought that intercalation contributes significantly toinstabilities in the lattice and charge degrees of freedom in layeredchalcogenides.

Possible Lattice and Charge Order in CuxBi2Te2Se