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In comparison to qubit-based protocols, qudit-based quantum key distribution(QKD) ones gen- erally allow two cooperative parties to share unconditionallysecure keys under a higher channel noise. However, it is very hard to prepareand measure the required quantum states in qudit-based protocols in general.One exception is the recently proposed highly error tolerant qudit-based proto-col known as the Chau15 [1]. Remarkably, the state preparation and measurementin this protocol can be done relatively easily since the required states arephase encoded almost like the diagonal basis states of a qubit. Here we reportthe first proof-of-principle demonstration of the Chau15 protocol. Onehighlight of our experiment is that its post-processing is based on practicalone-way manner, while the original proposal in Ref. [1] relies on complicatedtwo-way post-processing, which is a great challenge in experiment. In addition,by manipulating time-bin qudit and measurement with a variable delayinterferometer, our realization is extensible to qudit with high-dimensionalityand confirms the experimental feasibility of the Chau15 protocol.

Proof-of-principle experimental realization of a qubit-like qudit-based quantum key distribution scheme