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We have performed optical microscopy, micro-photoelectron spectroscopy, andmicro-Raman scattering measurements on Y$_{0.63}$Ca$_{0.37}$TiO$_3$ singlecrystals in order to clarify the interplay between the microstructure and thetemperature dependent electronic transport mechanisms in this material. Opticalmicroscopy observations reveal dark and bright domain patterns on the surfacewith length scales of the order of several to a hundred micrometers showing apronounced temperature dependent evolution. Spatially resolved photoelectronspectroscopy measurements show the different electronic character of thesedomains. Using micro-Raman spectroscopy, we observe a distinct temperaturedependence of the crystal structure of these domains. On the basis of thesefindings the different domains are assigned to insulating and metallic volumefractions, respectively. By decreasing the temperature, the volume fraction ofthe conducting domains increases, hence allowing the electrons to percolatethrough the sample at temperatures lower than $\sim$150 K.

Temperature dependent percolation mechanism for conductivity in Y$_{0.63}$Ca$_{0.37}$TiO$_3$ revealed by a microstructure study