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A simple route to prepare Gd$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ nanoparticles byultrasonication of their bulk powder materials is presented in this article.For comparison, Gd$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ nanoparticles are also prepared byball milling. The prepared samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersiveX-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), and SuperconductingQuantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometer. XRD Rietveld analysis iscarried out extensively for the determination of crystallographic parametersand the amount of crystalline and amorphous phases. FESEM images demonstratethe formation of nanoparticles with average particle size in the range of50-100 nm for both ultrasonication and 4 hours (h) of ball milling. The bulkmaterials and nanoparticles synthesized by both ultrasonication and 4 h ballmilling exhibit a paramagnetic to spin-glass transition. However, nanoparticlessynthesized by 8 h and 12 h ball milling do not reveal any phase transition,rather show an upturn of magnetization at low temperature. The degradation ofthe magnetic properties in ball milled nanoparticles may be associated withamorphization of the nanoparticles due to ball milling particularly for millingtime exceeding 8 h. This investigation demonstrates the potential ofultrasonication as a simple route to prepare high crystalline rare-earth basedmanganite nanoparticles with improved control compared to the traditional ballmilling technique.

materials research express

Preparation of high crystalline nanoparticles of rare-earth based  complex pervoskites and comparison of their structural and magnetic  properties with bulk counterparts