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This work aimed at preparing and characterizing  TiO 2  nanotube supported hydrated ruthenium oxide catalysts. First of all, we succeeded in preparing  TiO 2  nanotube arrays by electrochemical anodization of titanium metal at 20 V for 8 h in a 1M  H 3 PO 4 +0.5  wt % HF solution as evidenced from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy  ( XPS) results. The hydrated ruthenium oxide was then deposited onto  TiO 2  nanotubes by consecutive exchange of protons by  Ru 3+  ions, followed by formation of hydrated oxide during the alkali treatment. Further XPS measurements showed that the modified samples contain not only hydrated ruthenium oxide but also hydrated ruthenium species Ru(III)-OH.

Preparation and characterization of titanium dioxide nanotube array supported hydrated ruthenium oxide catalysts