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Nanoparticles of  ZrO 2 : Er 3+ ,  Yb 3+  fabricated by a soft template method combined with microwave heating under high pressures were reported for the first time. Nano  ZrO 2 : Er 3+ ,  Yb 3+  in concentrations of 0.1–15 mol% have been fabricated in the presence of soft template agent diethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol in a microwave reactor at pressures up to 55 atm. The average size of the as-synthesized nanoparticles was found to be 5–13 nm. The upconversion luminescence of the  ZrO 2 : Er 3+ ,  Yb 3+  was found in the red region of 630–710 nm and in the green region of 510–570 nm, with excitation by an infrared diode laser at the wavelengths of 830 and 940 nm, respectively. The change in content ratio between monoclinic and tetragonal phases when the annealing temperature increases from 600 to 1200 ° C  was investigated. The tetragonal phase content decreases and disappears for the samples annealed at 1200 ° C . The increase in the content of the monoclinic phase is suggested to be a main reason for the increase in the upconversion luminescent intensity of nano  ZrO 2 : Er 3+ ,  Yb 3+ .

advances in natural sciences nanoscience and nanotechnology

Preparation and characterization of ZrO 2:Er 3+, Yb 3+ nanoparticles using a high pressure assisted soft template