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Recently there have been claims on model-independent evidence of dynamicaldark energy. Herein we consider a fairly general class of cosmological modelswith a time-evolving cosmological term of the form $\Lambda(H)=C_0+C_HH^2+C_{\dot{H}} \dot{H}$, where $H$ is the Hubble rate. These models are wellmotivated from the theoretical point of view since they can be related to thegeneral form of the effective action of quantum field theory in curvedspacetime. Consistency with matter conservation can be achieved by letting theNewtonian coupling $G$ change very slowly with the expansion. We solve thesedynamical vacuum models and fit them to the wealth of expansion history andlinear structure formation data. The results of our analysis show asignificantly better agreement as compared to the concordance $\Lambda$CDMmodel, thus supporting the possibility of a dynamical cosmic vacuum.

Hints of dynamical vacuum energy in the expanding Universe