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Interactions with neutrons and protons play a crucial role for the neutrinoopacity of matter in the supernova core. Their current implementation in manysimulation codes, however, is rather schematic and ignores not onlymodifications for the correlated nuclear medium of the nascent neutron star,but also free-space corrections from nucleon recoil, weak magnetism or strangequarks, which can easily add up to changes of several 10% for neutrino energiesin the spectral peak. In the Garching supernova simulations with thePrometheus-Vertex code, such sophistications have been included for a long timeexcept for the strange-quark contributions to the nucleon spin, which affectneutral-current neutrino scattering. We demonstrate on the basis of a 20 M_sunprogenitor star that a moderate strangeness-dependent contribution of g_a^s =-0.2 to the axial-vector coupling constant g_a = 1.26 can turn an unsuccessfulthree-dimensional (3D) model into a successful explosion. Such a modificationis in the direction of current experimental results and reduces theneutral-current scattering opacity of neutrons, which dominate in the mediumaround and above the neutrinosphere. This leads to increased luminosities andmean energies of all neutrino species and strengthens the neutrino-energydeposition in the heating layer. Higher nonradial kinetic energy in the gainlayer signals enhanced buoyancy activity that enables the onset of theexplosion at ~300 ms after bounce, in contrast to the model with vanishingstrangeness contributions to neutrino-nucleon scattering. Our resultsdemonstrate the close proximity to explosion of the previously published,unsuccessful 3D models of the Garching group.

Neutrino-driven explosion of a 20 solar-mass star in three dimensions enabled by strange-quark contributions to neutrino-nucleon scattering