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Whether among the myriad tiny proto-galaxies there exists a population withsimilarities to present day galaxies is an open question. We show, usingBlueTides, the first hydrodynamic simulation large enough to resolve therelevant scales, that the first massive galaxies to form are %in fact predictedto have extensive rotationally-supported disks. Although their morphologyresembles in some ways Milky-way types seen at much lower redshifts, thesehigh-redshift galaxies are smaller, denser, and richer in gas than their lowredshift counterparts. From a kinematic analysis of a statistical sample of 216galaxies at redshift $z=8-10$ we have found that disk galaxies make up 70\% ofthe population of galaxies with stellar mass $10^{10} M_\odot$ or greater. ColdDark Matter cosmology therefore makes specific predictions for the populationof large galaxies 500 million years after the Big Bang. We argue thatwide-field satellite telescopes (e.g. WFIRST) will in the near future discoverthese first massive disk galaxies. The simplicity of their structure andformation history should make possible new tests of cosmology.

The formation of Milky Way-mass disk galaxies in the first 500 million years of a cold dark matter universe