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The recent discovery of a neutron star accretor in the ultra-luminous X-raysource M82 X-2 challenges our understanding of high-mass X-ray binary formationand evolution. By combining binary population synthesis and detailedmass-transfer models, however, we show that the binary parameters of M82 X-2are not surprising provided non-conservative mass transfer is allowed.Specifically, the donor-mass lower limit and orbital period measured for M82X-2 lie near the most probable values predicted by population synthesis models,and systems such as M82 X-2 should exist in approximately 13% of the galaxieswith a star-formation history similar to M82. We conclude that the binarysystem that formed M82 X-2 is most likely less than 50 Myr old and contains adonor star which had an initial mass of approximately 8-10 M$_\odot$, while theNS's progenitor star had an initial mass in the $8-25\,\rm M_{\odot}$ range.The donor star still currently resides on the main sequence, and is capable ofcontinued MT on the thermal timescale, while in the ultra-luminous X-rayregime, for as long as 400,000 years.

On the Formation of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources with Neutron Star Accretors: the Case of M82 X-2