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Galaxy catalogs are essential for efficient searches of the electromagneticcounterparts of extragalactic gravitational-wave (GW) signals with highlyuncertain localization. We show that one can efficiently catalog galaxieswithin a short period of time with 1-2 meter-class telescopes such as thePalomar Transient Factory (PTF) or MDM, in response to an observed GW signalfrom a compact binary coalescence. We find that a rapid galaxy survey isfeasible on the relevant time scale of $\lesssim 1$ week, maximum sourcedistance of $>200$ Mpc and sky area of 100 deg$^2$. With PTF-like telescopes,even 1 day is sufficient for such a survey. This catalog can then be providedto other telescopes to aid electromagnetic follow-up observations to findkilonovae from binary coalescences, as well as other sources. We considerH$\alpha$ observations, which track the star formation rate and are thereforecorrelated with the rate of compact binary mergers. H$\alpha$ surveys are alsoable to filter out galaxies that are farther away than the maximum GW sourcedistance. Rapid galaxy surveys that follow GW triggers could achieve $\sim90\%$completeness with respect to star formation rate, which is currentlyunavailable. This will significantly reduce the required effort and enhance theimmediate availability of catalogs compared to possible future all-sky surveys.

Galaxy Survey On The Fly: Prospects of Rapid Galaxy Cataloging to Aid the Electromagnetic Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Observations