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Planets of 1-4 times Earth's size on orbits shorter than 100 days existaround 30-50% of all Sun-like stars. In fact, the Solar System is particularlyoutstanding in its lack of "hot super-Earths" (or "mini-Neptunes"). Theseplanets -- or their building blocks -- may have formed on wider orbits andmigrated inward due to interactions with the gaseous protoplanetary disk. Here,we use a suite of dynamical simulations to show that gas giant planets act asbarriers to the inward migration of super-Earths initially placed on moredistant orbits. Jupiter's early formation may have prevented Uranus and Neptune(and perhaps Saturn's core) from becoming hot super-Earths. Our model predictsthat the populations of hot super-Earth systems and Jupiter-like planets shouldbe anti-correlated: gas giants (especially if they form early) should be rarein systems with many hot super-Earths. Testing this prediction will constitutea crucial assessment of the validity of the migration hypothesis for the originof close-in super-Earths.

Gas giant planets as dynamical barriers to inward-migrating super-Earths