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We investigate the particle accelerator that arises in a rotatingneutron-star magnetosphere. Solving the Poisson equation for the electro-staticpotential, the Boltzmann equations for relativistic electrons and positrons,and the radiative transfer equation simultaneously, we demonstrate that theelectric field is substantially screened along the magnetic field lines by thepairs that are created and separated within the accelerator. As a result, themagnetic-field-aligned electric field is localized in the higher altitudes nearthe light cylinder and efficiently accelerates the positrons created in thelower altitudes outwards but not the electrons inwards. The resulting photonflux becomes predominantly outwards, leading to typical double-peak lightcurves, which are commonly observed from many high-energy pulsars.

Three-dimensional non-vacuum pulsar outer-gap model: Localized acceleration electric field in the higher altitudes