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The diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption features observed inoptical and near-infrared spectra that are thought to be associated withcarbon-rich polyatomic molecules in interstellar gas. However, because thecentral wavelengths of these bands do not correspond with electronictransitions of any known atomic or molecular species, their nature has remaineduncertain since their discovery almost a century ago. Here we report onunusually strong DIBs in optical spectra of the broad-lined Type Ic supernovaSN 2012ap that exhibit changes in equivalent width over short (~30 days)timescales. The 4428 and 6283 Angstrom DIB features get weaker with time,whereas the 5780 Angstrom feature shows a marginal increase. These nonuniformchanges suggest that the supernova is interacting with a nearby source of theDIBs and that the DIB carriers possess high ionization potentials, such assmall cations or charged fullerenes. We conclude that moderate-resolutionspectra of supernovae with DIB absorptions obtained within weeks of outburstcould reveal unique information about the mass-loss environment of theirprogenitor systems and provide new constraints on the properties of DIBcarriers.

Interaction Between The Broad-lined Type Ic Supernova 2012ap and Carriers of Diffuse Interstellar Bands