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We report the first robust measurement of the Milky Way star formationhistory using the imprint left on chemical abundances of long-lived stars. Theformation of the Galactic thick disc occurs during an intense star formationphase between 9.0 (z~1.5) and 12.5 Gyr (z~4.5) ago and is followed by a dip (atz~1.1) lasting about 1 Gyr. Our results imply that the thick disc is as massiveas the Milky Way's thin disc, suggesting a fundamental role of this componentin the genesis of our Galaxy, something that had been largely unrecognized.This new picture implies that huge quantities of gas necessary to feed thebuilding of the thick disc must have been present at these epochs, incontradiction with the long-term infall assumed by chemical evolution models inthe last two decades. These results allow us to fit the Milky Way within theemerging features of the evolution of disc galaxies in the early Universe.

The dominant epoch of star formation in the Milky Way formed the thick disc