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Using deep 21-cm HI data from the Green Bank Telescope we have detected an~18.3 kpc-long gaseous extension associated with the starbursting dwarf galaxyIC 10. The newly-found feature stretches 1.3 deg to the northwest and has alarge radial velocity gradient reaching to ~65 km/s lower than the IC 10systemic velocity. A region of higher column density at the end of theextension that possesses a coherent velocity gradient (~10 km/s across ~26arcmin) transverse to the extension suggests rotation and may be a satellitegalaxy of IC 10. The HI mass of IC 10 is 9.5x10^7 (d/805 kpc)^2 Msun and themass of the new extension is 7.1x10^5 (d/805 kpc)^2 Msun. An IC 10-M31 orbitusing known radial velocity and proper motion values for IC 10 show that the HIextension is inconsistent with the trailing portion of the orbit so that anM31-tidal or ram pressure origin seems unlikely. We argue that the mostplausible explanation for the new feature is that it is the result of a recentinteraction (and possible late merger) with another dwarf galaxy. Thisinteraction could not only have triggered the origin of the recent starburst inIC 10, but could also explain the existence of previously-foundcounter-rotating HI gas in the periphery of the IC 10 which was interpreted asoriginating from primordial gas infall.

Evidence for an Interaction in the Nearest Starbursting Dwarf Irregular Galaxy IC 10