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Neutron stars (NSs) in the astrophysical universe are often surrounded byaccretion disks. Accretion of matter onto an NS may increase its mass above themaximum value allowed by its equation of state, inducing its collapse to ablack hole (BH). Here we study this process for the first time, inthree-dimensions, and in full general relativity. By considering three initialNS configurations, each with and without a surrounding disk (of mass ~7%M_{NS}), we investigate the effect of the accretion disk on the dynamics of thecollapse and its imprint on both the gravitational wave (GW) andelectromagnetic (EM) signals that can be emitted by these sources. We show inparticular that, even if the GW signal is similar for the accretion inducedcollapse (AIC) and the collapse of an NS in vacuum (and detectable only forGalactic sources), the EM counterpart could allow us to discriminate betweenthese two types of events. In fact, our simulations show that, while thecollapse of an NS in vacuum leaves no appreciable baryonic matter outside theevent horizon, an AIC is followed by a phase of rapid accretion of thesurviving disk onto the newly formed BH. The post-collapse accretion rates, onthe order of ~10^{-2} M_{sun} s^{-1}, make these events tantalizing candidatesas engines of short gamma-ray bursts.

General Relativistic Simulations of Accretion Induced Collapse of Neutron Stars to Black Holes