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We present the Pan-STARRS1 discovery and light curves, and follow-up MMT andGemini spectroscopy of an ultra-luminous supernova (ULSN; dubbed PS1-11bam) ata redshift of z=1.566 with a peak brightness of M_UV=-22.3 mag. PS1-11bam isone of the highest redshift spectroscopically-confirmed SNe known to date. Thespectrum is characterized by broad absorption features typical of previousULSNe (e.g., CII, SiIII), and by strong and narrow MgII and FeII absorptionlines from the interstellar medium (ISM) of the host galaxy, confirmed by an[OII]3727 emission line at the same redshift. The equivalent widths of theFeII2600 and MgII2803 lines are in the top quartile of the quasar interveningabsorption system distribution, but are weaker than those of gamma-ray burstintrinsic absorbers (i.e., GRB host galaxies). We also detect the host galaxyin pre-explosion Pan-STARRS1 data and find that its UV spectral energydistribution is best fit with a young stellar population age of tau~15-45 Myrand a stellar mass of M \sim (1.1-2.6)x10^9 M_sun (for Z=0.05-1 Z_sun). Thestar formation rate inferred from the UV continuum and [OII]3727 emission lineis ~10 M_sun/yr, higher than in any previous ULSN host. PS1-11bam provides thefirst direct demonstration that ULSNe can serve as probes of the interstellarmedium in distant galaxies. At the present, the depth and red sensitivity ofPS1 are uniquely suited to finding such events at cosmologically interestingredshifts (z~1-2); the future combination of LSST and 30-m class telescopespromises to extend this technique to z~4.

Ultra-Luminous Supernovae as a New Probe of the Interstellar Medium in Distant Galaxies