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Motivated by recent spectroscopic observations suggesting that atmospheres ofsome extrasolar giant-planets are carbon-rich, i.e. carbon/oxygen ratio (C/O)$\ge$ 1, we find that the whole set of compositional data for Jupiter isconsistent with the hypothesis that it be a carbon-rich giant planet. We showthat the formation of Jupiter in the cold outer part of an oxygen-depleted disk(C/O $\sim$1) reproduces the measured Jovian elemental abundances at least aswell as the hitherto canonical model of Jupiter formed in a disk of solarcomposition (C/O = 0.54). The resulting O abundance in Jupiter's envelope isthen moderately enriched by a factor of $\sim$2 $\times$ solar (instead of$\sim$7 $\times$ solar) and is found to be consistent with values predicted bythermochemical models of the atmosphere. That Jupiter formed in a disk with C/O$\sim$1 implies that water ice was heterogeneously distributed over several AUbeyond the snow line in the primordial nebula and that the fraction of watercontained in icy planetesimals was a strong function of their formationlocation and time. The Jovian oxygen abundance to be measured by NASA's Junomission en route to Jupiter will provide a direct and strict test of ourpredictions.

Nebular water depletion as the cause of Jupiter's low oxygen abundance