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We report the detection of an orbital period decay of $\dot P=-1.83\pm0.66$ms yr$^{-1}$ in the black hole X-ray binary XTE J1118+480. This corresponds toa period change of $-0.85\pm0.30$ $\mu $s per orbital cycle, which is $\sim150$ times larger than expected from the emission of gravitational waves. Theseobservations cannot be reproduced by conventional models of magnetic brakingeven when including significant mass loss from the system. The spiral-in of thestar is either driven by magnetic braking under extremely high magnetic fieldsin the secondary star or by a currently unknown process, which will have animpact on the evolution and lifetime of black hole X-ray binaries.

The fast spiral-in of the companion star to the black hole XTE J1118+480