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Low luminosity gamma-ray bursts (ll-GRBs) constitute a sub-class of gamma-raybursts (GRBs) that plays a central role in the GRB-supernova connection. Whilell-GRBs differ from typical long GRBs (LGRBs) in many aspects, they also sharesome common features. Therefore, the question whether the gamma-ray emission ofll-GRBs and LGRBs has a common origin is of great interest. Here we addressthis question by testing whether ll-GRBs, like LGRBs according to the Collapsarmodel, can be generated by relativistic jets that punch holes in the envelopesof their progenitor stars. The collapsar model predicts that the durations ofmost observed bursts will be comparable to, or longer than, the time it takesthe jets to breakout of the star. We calculate the jet breakout times ofll-GRBs and compare them to the observed durations. We find that there is asignificant access of ll-GRBs with durations that are much shorter than the jetbreakout time and that these are inconsistent with the Collapsar model. Weconclude that the processes that dominate the gamma-ray emission of ll-GRBs andof LGRBs are most likely fundamentally different.

Are low luminosity GRBs generated by relativistic jets?