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We report the detection of spatially extended CO 1-0 and 5-4 emission in thez=2.49 submillimeter galaxy (SMG) J123707+6214, using the Expanded Very LargeArray and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer. The large molecular gas reservoiris spatially resolved into two CO(1-0) components (north-east and south-west;previously identified in CO 3-2 emission) with gas masses of 4.3 and 3.5 x10^10 (alpha_CO/0.8) Msun. We thus find that the optically invisible north-eastcomponent slightly dominates the gas mass in this system. The total moleculargas mass derived from the CO(1-0) observations is ~2.5 times larger thanestimated from CO(3-2). The two components are at approximately the sameredshift, but separated by ~20 kpc in projection. The morphology is consistentwith that of an early-stage merger. The total amount of molecular gas issufficient to maintain the intense 500 Msun/yr starburst in this system for atleast ~160 Myr. We derive line brightness temperature ratios ofr_31=0.39+/-0.09 and 0.37+/-0.10, and r_51=0.26+/-0.07 and 0.25+/-0.08 in thetwo components, respectively, suggesting that the J>=3 lines are substantiallysubthermally excited. This also suggests comparable conditions for starformation in both components. Given the similar gas masses of both components,this is consistent with the comparable starburst strengths observed in theradio continuum emission. Our findings are consistent with other recent studiesthat find evidence for lower CO excitation in SMGs than in high-z quasar hostgalaxies with comparable gas masses. This may provide supporting evidence thatboth populations correspond to different evolutionary stages in the formationof massive galaxies.

Imaging the Molecular Gas Properties of a Major Merger Driving the Evolution of a z=2.5 Submillimeter Galaxy