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PSR B1259-63 is a 48 ms pulsar in a highly eccentric 3.4 year orbit aroundthe young massive star LS 2883. During the periastron passage the systemdisplays transient non-thermal unpulsed emission from radio to very high energygamma rays. It is one of the three galactic binary systems clearly detected atTeV energies, together with LS 5039 and LS I +61 303. We observed PSR B1259-63after the 2007 periastron passage with the Australian Long Baseline Array at2.3 GHz to trace the milliarcsecond (mas) structure of the source at threedifferent epochs. We have discovered extended and variable radio structure. Thepeak of the radio emission is detected outside the binary system nearperiastron, at projected distances of 10-20 mas (25-45 AU assuming a distanceof 2.3 kpc). The total extent of the emission is ~50 mas (~120 AU). This is thefirst observational evidence that non-accreting pulsars orbiting massive starscan produce variable extended radio emission at AU scales. Similar structuresare also seen in LS 5039 and LS I +61 303, in which the nature of the compactobject is unknown. The discovery presented here for the young non-accretingpulsar PSR B1259-63 reinforces the link with these two sources and supports thepresence of pulsars in these systems as well. A simple kinematical modelconsidering only a spherical stellar wind can approximately trace the extendedstructures if the binary system orbit has a longitude of the ascending node ofomega ~ -40 deg and a magnetization parameter of sigma~0.005.

Discovery of extended and variable radio structure from the gamma-ray binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883