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The recent measurement of the Shapiro delay in the radio pulsar PSRJ1614-2230 yielded a mass of 1.97 +/- 0.04 M_sun, making it the most massivepulsar known to date. Its mass is high enough that, even without anaccompanying measurement of the stellar radius, it has a strong impact on ourunderstanding of nuclear matter, gamma-ray bursts, and the generation ofgravitational waves from coalescing neutron stars. This single high mass valueindicates that a transition to quark matter in neutron-star cores can occur atdensities comparable to the nuclear saturation density only if the quarks arestrongly interacting and are color superconducting. We further show that a highmaximum neutron-star mass is required if short duration gamma-ray bursts arepowered by coalescing neutron stars and, therefore, this mechanism becomesviable in the light of the recent measurement. Finally, we argue that thelow-frequency (<= 500 Hz) gravitational waves emitted during the final stagesof neutron-star coalescence encode the properties of the equation of statebecause neutron stars consistent with this measurement cannot be centrallycondensed. This will facilitate the measurement of the neutron star equation ofstate with Advanced LIGO/Virgo.

The Massive Pulsar PSR J1614-2230: Linking Quantum Chromodynamics, Gamma-ray Bursts, and Gravitational Wave Astronomy