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We present an analysis of the large-scale galaxy distribution around twopossible warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) absorption systems reported alongthe Markarian 421 sightline. Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we find aprominent galaxy filament at the redshift of the z=0.027 X-ray absorption linesystem. The filament exhibits a width of 3.2 Mpc and length of at least 20 Mpc,comparable to the size of WHIM filaments seen in cosmological simulations. Noindividual galaxies fall within 350 projected kpc so it is unlikely that theabsorption is associated with gas in a galaxy halo or outflow. Another,lower-significance X-ray absorption system was reported in the same Chandraspectrum at z=0.011, but the large-scale structure in its vicinity is farweaker and may be a spurious alignment. By searching for similar galaxystructures in 140 random smoothed SDSS fields, we estimate a ~5-10% probabilityof the z=0.027 absorber-filament alignment occurring by chance. If these twosystems are indeed physically associated, this would represent the first knowncoincidence between large-scale galaxy structure and a blind X-ray WHIMdetection.

Discovery of a large-scale galaxy filament near a candidate intergalactic X-ray absorption system